Candide (1994)
A Comic Operetta
Music by Leonard Bernstein
Book by Hugh Wheeler after the novel by Voltaire
Lyrics by Richard Wilbur with additional lyrics by John La Touche, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman, Leonard Bernstein, and Stephen Sondheim.
Orchestrations by Leonard Bernstein and Hershy Kay
Additional orchestrations by John Mauceri
The original version of Candide was first performed at the Martin Beck Theatre, New York City, on 1 December 1956. The first performance of this edition, which represents the composer’s final version, was given by Scottish Opera at the Theatre Royal, Glasgow, on 19 May 1988.
By arrangement with Boosey & Hawkes, Inc., agent for the copyright proprietors.
These are the first staged performances in the United States of the composer’s final version.
Festival Stage designed by Derek Mclane
Dates of Performance
May 21, 25, 27; June 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18 (matinée), 23
1994 Season
Candide   Falstaff
Iphigenia in Tauris   Black River
Photo Gallery
Cast
John Stephens
Voltaire
Kevin Anderson
Candide
Constance Hauman
Cunegonde
Steven Combs
Maximilian
Brad Cresswell
The Baron Thunder-ten-Tronck
Josepha Gayer
His Baroness
Suzanne Balaes
Paquette
Matthew R. Polenzani
First Bulgarian Officer
Timothy Truschel
Second Bulgarian Officer
Robert McLoud
A Spy of the Inquisition
Samuel Mungo
A Bear-keeper
Matthew R. Polenzani
A Cosmetics Merchant
Terry Murphy
A Quack Doctor
Erin Caves
A Junkman
Anthony Dean Griffey
An Alchemist
Steven Combs
The Grand Inquisitor
Eric T. Dillner
Inquisitor
Bruce R. Baumer
Inquisitor
Timothy Truschel
Inquisitor
Josepha Gayer
The Old Lady
Edwin Asa Miller
Don Issachar
Anthony Dean Griffey
The Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris
John Stephens
Voltaire as Cacambo
Steven Combs
A Sea Captain
Brad Cresswell
The Governor of Buenos Aires
Michael Rorex
His Aide-de-camp
John Stephens
Voltaire as Martin
Brad Cresswell
Vanderdendur
Matthew R. Polenzani
Prince Charles Edward
Anthony Dean Griffey
Sultan Achmet the Third
Samuel Mungo
Ivan
Erin Caves
Herrman the Second
Terry Murphy
Stanislaus
Brad Cresswell
Prince Ragotski
Benjamin Brecher
A Croupier
Michael Rorex
A Crook
Creative Team
Stephen Lord
Conductor
Colin Graham
Stage Director
Emanuele Luzzati
Set Designer
Emanuele Luzzati
Costume Designer
Christopher Akerlind
Lighting Designer
Victoria Morgan
Choreographer
Tom Watson
Wig Master & Makeup
Cary John Franklin
Chorus Master
Ben Malensek
Repetiteur
Kimberley S. Prescott
Stage Manager
John Novak
Assistant Stage Manager
Katherine Thackston-Toony
Assistant Stage Manager
Synopsis
Scene 1
How Candide was brought up in WESTPHALIA at a noble castle and how he was expelled from same; and how he was taught the philosophy that Everything is for the Best in this, The Best of All Possible Worlds.
Scene 2
What happened to Candide among the Bulgarians who raped and pillaged both Cunegonde and the whole of Westphalia.
Scene 3
How Candide met his old master again and how they sailed to LISBON; storm and shipwreck and how a splendid auto-da-fé was held to prevent further earthquakes; why Candide was flogged and why Doctor Pangloss was hanged.
Scene 4
How Candide found Cunegonde again in PARIS; what happened to Don Issachar the Jew, to the Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris and, most particularly, to The Old Lady.
Scene 5
How Candide set sail with Cunegonde, The Old Lady and Cacambo for the New World.
Scene 6
How they arrived in BUENOS AIRES, where the Governor first set his eye upon Cunegonde.
Scene 7
How Candide and Cacambo found themselves in the mythical country of ELDORADO; how Maximilian and Paquette made a surprising appearance and how Candide killed his dear Dunegonde’s brother.
Scene 8
How Candide and Cacambo left Eldorado, laden with precious gifts from those kind people; how Candide made the acquaintance of one Dutchman, Martin, and was cheated by another, the vile Vanderdendur. What happened to him, and how Candide and Martin took tea with Five Crowned Heads. And how Candide again found Pangloss who had begun to doubt the truth of his philosophy of The Best of All Possible Worlds.
Scene 9
How Candide was surprised to meet Maximilian and Paquette again in VENICE and how he was astounded to find Cunegonde and The Old Lady in somewhat shocking circumstances.
Scene 10
In which Candide is reconciled with Cunegonde and how he concluded that Doing the Best We Can is a better philosophy than Everything is for the Best in a world that is far from being The Best of All Possible Worlds.

This production is made possible by a major gift from Emerson Electric Co., whose continued generosity and encouragement are deeply appreciated.
Opera Theatre extends special thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Raymond H. Wittcoff who have provided additional major underwriting support.
The services of the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra are made possible by a generous grant from the Bryant Group, Inc.
The special preview performance of Candide for St. Louis area seniors is made possible by the continued generous support of the Southwestern Bell Foundation and CARUS, a division of Physicians Health Plan.

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