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Candide (1994)

A Comic Operetta

Music by Leonard Bernstein

Book by Hugh Wheeler after the novel by Voltaire

Lyrics by Richard Wilbur with additional lyrics by John La Touche, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman, Leonard Bernstein, and Stephen Sondheim.

Orchestrations by Leonard Bernstein and Hershy Kay

Additional orchestrations by John Mauceri

The original version of Candide was first performed at the Martin Beck Theatre, New York City, on 1 December 1956. The first performance of this edition, which represents the composer’s final version, was given by Scottish Opera at the Theatre Royal, Glasgow, on 19 May 1988.

By arrangement with Boosey & Hawkes, Inc., agent for the copyright proprietors.

These are the first staged performances in the United States of the composer’s final version.

Festival Stage designed by Derek Mclane

Dates of Performance
May 21, 25, 27; June 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18 (matinée), 23

 

1994 Season
Candide     Falstaff

Iphigenia in Tauris     Black River

 

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Cast

John Stephens
Voltaire

 

Kevin Anderson
Candide

 

Constance Hauman
Cunegonde

 

Steven Combs
Maximilian

 

Brad Cresswell
The Baron Thunder-ten-Tronck

 

Josepha Gayer
His Baroness

 

Suzanne Balaes
Paquette

 

Matthew R. Polenzani
First Bulgarian Officer

 

Timothy Truschel
Second Bulgarian Officer

 

Robert McLoud
A Spy of the Inquisition

 

Samuel Mungo
A Bear-keeper

 

Matthew R. Polenzani
A Cosmetics Merchant

Terry Murphy
A Quack Doctor

 

Erin Caves
A Junkman

 

Anthony Dean Griffey
An Alchemist

 

Steven Combs
The Grand Inquisitor

 

Eric T. Dillner
Inquisitor

 

Bruce R. Baumer
Inquisitor

 

Timothy Truschel
Inquisitor

 

Josepha Gayer
The Old Lady

 

Edwin Asa Miller
Don Issachar

 

Anthony Dean Griffey
The Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris

 

John Stephens
Voltaire as Cacambo

 

Steven Combs
A Sea Captain

Brad Cresswell
The Governor of Buenos Aires

 

Michael Rorex
His Aide-de-camp

 

John Stephens
Voltaire as Martin

 

Brad Cresswell
Vanderdendur

 

Matthew R. Polenzani
Prince Charles Edward

 

Anthony Dean Griffey
Sultan Achmet the Third

 

Samuel Mungo
Ivan

 

Erin Caves
Herrman the Second

 

Terry Murphy
Stanislaus

 

Brad Cresswell
Prince Ragotski

 

Benjamin Brecher
A Croupier

 

Michael Rorex
A Crook

Creative Team

Stephen Lord
Conductor

 

Colin Graham
Stage Director

 

Emanuele Luzzati
Set Designer

 

Emanuele Luzzati
Costume Designer

Christopher Akerlind
Lighting Designer

 

Victoria Morgan
Choreographer

 

Tom Watson
Wig Master & Makeup

 

Cary John Franklin
Chorus Master

Ben Malensek
Repetiteur

 

Kimberley S. Prescott
Stage Manager

 

John Novak
Assistant Stage Manager

 

Katherine Thackston-Toony
Assistant Stage Manager

Synopsis

Scene 1
How Candide was brought up in WESTPHALIA at a noble castle and how he was expelled from same; and how he was taught the philosophy that Everything is for the Best in this, The Best of All Possible Worlds.

Scene 2
What happened to Candide among the Bulgarians who raped and pillaged both Cunegonde and the whole of Westphalia.

Scene 3
How Candide met his old master again and how they sailed to LISBON; storm and shipwreck and how a splendid auto-da-fé was held to prevent further earthquakes; why Candide was flogged and why Doctor Pangloss was hanged.

Scene 4
How Candide found Cunegonde again in PARIS; what happened to Don Issachar the Jew, to the Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris and, most particularly, to The Old Lady.

Scene 5
How Candide set sail with Cunegonde, The Old Lady and Cacambo for the New World.

Scene 6
How they arrived in BUENOS AIRES, where the Governor first set his eye upon Cunegonde.

Scene 7
How Candide and Cacambo found themselves in the mythical country of ELDORADO; how Maximilian and Paquette made a surprising appearance and how Candide killed his dear Dunegonde’s brother.

Scene 8
How Candide and Cacambo left Eldorado, laden with precious gifts from those kind people; how Candide made the acquaintance of one Dutchman, Martin, and was cheated by another, the vile Vanderdendur. What happened to him, and how Candide and Martin took tea with Five Crowned Heads. And how Candide again found Pangloss who had begun to doubt the truth of his philosophy of The Best of All Possible Worlds.

Scene 9
How Candide was surprised to meet Maximilian and Paquette again in VENICE and how he was astounded to find Cunegonde and The Old Lady in somewhat shocking circumstances.

Scene 10
In which Candide is reconciled with Cunegonde and how he concluded that Doing the Best We Can is a better philosophy than Everything is for the Best in a world that is far from being The Best of All Possible Worlds.

This production is made possible by a major gift from Emerson Electric Co., whose continued generosity and encouragement are deeply appreciated.

Opera Theatre extends special thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Raymond H. Wittcoff who have provided additional major underwriting support.

The services of the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra are made possible by a generous grant from the Bryant Group, Inc.

The special preview performance of Candide for St. Louis area seniors is made possible by the continued generous support of the Southwestern Bell Foundation and CARUS, a division of Physicians Health Plan.

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