Billy Budd (1993)
An Opera in Four Acts
Music by Benjamin Britten
Libretto by E.M. Forster and Eric Crozier adapted from Billy Budd, Sailor by Herman Melville
The opera was commissioned by The Arts Council of Great Britain to celebrate the Festival of Britain in 1951.
By arrangement with Boosey and Hawkes Inc., publisher and copyright owner
It was first performed by the Royal Opera, Covent Garden, on 1 December 1951.
These are the first professional performances in the United States of the original version; they are given with the encouragement of the Trustees of the Britten-Pears Foundation, who have also been kind enough to make a substantial contribution towards the production costs.
The first performance of the revised version was given, by royal command, at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 7 May 1788.
Festival Stage Design by Derek McLane
Dates of Performance
June 10, 12, 16, 18, 20
1993 Season
Cinderella   Don Giovanni
The Midnight Angel   Billy Budd
Photo Gallery
Cast
Peter Kazaras
Edward Fairfax Vere
George Bareford
First Mate
Curtis Cook
Second Mate
Grant Young
Mr. Flint
Samuel Mungo
Bosun
Thomas Studebaker
Donald
Benjamin Brecher
A novice
Michael Hendrick
Maintop
Charles Davidson
Squeak
Perry Ward
Mr. Redburn
Raymond Aceto
Lt. Ratcliffe of the Marines
Jeffrey Wells
John Claggart
Dennis Wellman
Red Whiskers
Will Clark
Arthur Jones
Steven Combs
Billy Budd
Stephen P. Salters
The novices friend
Arthur Woodley
The Dansker
Tommy Crabtree
The Captains cabin-boy
Nathan Foster
Midshipmen
David Koch
Midshipmen
David Kolmer
Midshipmen
Joshua Stewart
Midshipmen
Creative Team
Robert Spano
Conductor
Colin Graham
Stage Director
Derek McLane
Set Designer
William Dudley
Costume Designer
Christopher Akerlind
Lighting Designer
Cary John Franklin
Chorus Master
Tom Watson
Wig Master & Makeup
Tim Ocel
Assistant Director
Mark Ferrell
Repetiteur
Cheryl Tierney Horne
Stage Manager
Eric Millner
Assistant Stage Manager
Andrew Saboe
Assistant Stage Manager
Synopsis
PROLOGUE
Many years after the event, Captain Edward Fairfax Vere is still haunted by the death of Billy Budd.
ACT ONE
1797. The main deck of the Indomitable, a ship of war ruled by stern discipline, extreme privation, and- in this case-some kindness. Among the men taken by the press-gang is Billy Budd, whose enthusiasm, strength and innocence catch the attention of Claggart, the master-at-arms, who is nicknamed ‘Jemmy-Legs” (an old naval term for that rank) by the crew. At the ship’s muster, Billy leads the crew’s praise of Captain Vere.
ACT TWO
Later, in the Captain’s quarters. It is the time of the French Revolution; the officers are haunted by memories of recent mutinies. Below decks, Claggart, who cannot tolerate in others the virtue he cannot himself possess, begins a campaign to destroy Billy Budd
INTERMISSION
ACT THREE
The mist prevents the Indomitable from attacking a French frigate. To Vere, Claggart privately accuses Billy of planning mutiny. Vere does not believe Claggart and insists that he accuse Billy to his face. Billy, unable to find the words to defend himself, strikes out at Claggart and kills him. At the court-martial, the officers are prepared to excuse Billy’s action as self-defense, but the fear of mutiny forces them to set an example. Aware of injustice, they appeal to Vere who will not speak up in Billy’s defense. He goes to announce the Court’s decision to the prisoner.
ACT FOUR
Billy, condemned to death, has accepted Vere’s explanation with fortitude. He urges Dansker to prevent his shipmates from rising in his defense. Before he is hanged from the yardarm, he blesses Captain Vere
EPILOGUE
Vere knows he could have saved Billy, whose blessing has haunted him all his life. At last he finds some resolution.

Opera Theatre extends profound thanks and appreciation to Mr. & Mrs. Raymond H. Wittcoff, whose generous support and encouragement have helped make these performances possible.
Soloists for Billy Budd are sponsored by the Pulitzer Publishing Company, Inc.
Mr. Spanos appearance as conductor is made possible by gifts from Edgar Foster Daniels and Dr. & Mrs. Matthew Newman.
The special preview performance of Billy Budd for St. Louis area seniors is sponsored by CARUS, a division of Physicians Health Plan.

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